Posts

Showing posts from June, 2025

Unit IV JOIN OPERATORS

 Join Operators: Cross Join – Natural Join – Join USING Clause – JOIN ON Clause – Outer Join. Explain the above topic with definition and example table Here's a clear explanation of the SQL Join Operators with definitions and examples using simple tables: 🔗 1. Cross Join Definition: A Cross Join returns the Cartesian product of two tables. That means every row from the first table is combined with every row from the second table. It doesn't require any condition. Example: Table A – Employees EmpID Name 1 John 2 Alice Table B – Departments DeptID DeptName 10 HR 20 IT 📌 Syntax SELECT * FROM table1 CROSS JOIN table2; Query: SELECT * FROM Employees CROSS JOIN Departments; Result: EmpID Name DeptID DeptName 1 John 10 HR 1 John 20 IT 2 Alice 10 HR 2 Alice 20 IT 🔗 2. Natural Join Definition: A Natural Join automatically joins tables based on all columns with the same names and compatible d...

TOC-UNIT I-II M.SC CS

Image
  THEORY OF COMPUTATION-(536C3C) Definition: to understand the capabilities and limitations of computation by analyzing mathematical models of how machines can perform calculations. Introduction to Theory of Computation - GeeksforGeeks UNIT I Review of Mathematical Theory Combinatorics: Review of Permutation and Combination- Mathematical Induction- Pigeon hole principle- Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion- generating function- Recurrence relations. Statements– Connectives– Truth Tables– Normal forms– Predicate calculus– Inference Theory for Statement Calculus and Predicate Calculus. 1.1)Review Of Mathematical Theory Combinatorics Mathematical Theory: A mathematical theory is a systematic and logical framework consisting of a set of axioms, definitions, theorems, and rules that are used to explain and predict mathematical relationships and structures. Combinatorics: Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics that deals with counting, arranging, and selecting...